정유남 Cheong Yu-nam , 유현조 You Hyun-jo

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.7 Vol.71(No.0) 7-40, 2025

This study proposes an efficient Human-AI cross-validation framework to improve the quality of inappropriate speech annotation. The core methodology involves independent annotation by humans and AI models, after which review is focused exclusively on instances of disagreement, which are identified as the most challenging “edge cases”. In an experiment using 1,000 utterances, we compared human annotations with those from GPT-4 and HyperCLOVA against an expert-validated ground truth. This framework proves that by isolating points of disagreement for review, the efficiency of data annotation and overall corpus quality can be enhanced. (Sunchon National University Chungnam National University)

말뭉치 주석 방법론, 부적절 발화 탐지, 부적절 주석 말뭉치, 인공지능 보조 주석, 인간-인공지능 교차검증, 거대언어모델, Corpus Annotation Methodology, Inappropriate Speech Annotation, Inappropriate speech detection, Inappropriate Annotation Corpus, AI-Assisted Annotation, Human-AI Cross-Validation, Large Language Models

김예니 Kim Ye-ni , 송현주 Song Hyun-ju

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.41 Vol.71(No.0) 41-76, 2025

This study examines the patterns and characteristics of taste-related expressions in Joseonmusangsinsikyorijebeop, a representative movable-type cookbook of the early twentieth century. Taste expressions were classified into single and multi-sensory terms, further divided into gustatory, visual, olfactory, and textural domains. The results show that gustatory terms were dominant, with dalda (“sweet”) most widely used to describe both fermented foods such as liquor, sauces, and salted fish, and various dishes and ingredients. Sida (“sour”) was limited to liquor and vinegar, while maepda (“spicy”) referred to pungent liquor or tingling tastes. Rarely used modern terms such as ssikssikhada, maengnyeolhada, and adamhada were also found. Among textural terms, yeonhada (“tender”) was frequent and applied broadly from meat and vegetables to rice and taffy. Olfactory descriptors included hyanggiropta (“fragrant”), birinnae (“fishy smell”), and others, while visual terms covered both colors and states, such as nureuda (“yellowish”) and malda (“clear”). Multi-sensory expressions most often combined taste with smell, especially in describing liquor, and smell with sight for liquor and tea. These findings illustrate the richness of early modern Korean culinary discourse and provide insights into the semantic development of sensory vocabulary, bridging gaps between diachronic and synchronic studies of the Korean lexicon.

신활자본 음식조리서, 조선무쌍신식요리제법, 맛 표현, 감각 어휘, 한국 음식 언어, 복합 감각 표현, Joseonmusangsinsikyorijebeop, Taste expressions, Sensory vocabulary, Korean culinary language, Multi-sensory description, Diachronic lexicon study

한정한 Han Jeong-han

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.77 Vol.71(No.0) 77-126, 2025

The aim of this paper is to establish a conceptual framework for the notion of ‘word’ in Korean from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics(SFL). We adopts the concept of ‘functional unit’ as the primary criterion for classifying words. Thus, a word in Korean is defined as a ‘realization of a functional unit,’ and any linguistic form that meets this criterion is recognized as a word, regardless of its formal category. To determine the inventory of functional units, we employs the three highest-level metafunctions in lexio-grammar: interpersonal, ideational, and textual. All other functional units are categorized as subtypes of these three metafunctions or as subtypes of those subtypes. Theoretically, this hierarchical relationship continues until all links to the three primary metafunctions are exhausted. Based on this principle, the following categories are considered words in Korean: nouns, numerals, demonstratives, determiners, case particles(clitics), auxiliary particles, verbs, adjectives, auxiliary verbs, auxiliary adjectives, the copula, prefinal endings, final endings, conjunctive endings, derivational endings, constituent adverbs, demonstrative adverbs, sentence adverbs, as well as idiomatic expressions that can substitute for these word categories. Furthermore, the Appendix provides a detailed mapping between actual Korean word forms and their corresponding functional units. However, several challenges remain. First, it is not easy to fully establish a comprehensive inventory of the three metafunctions and their subcategories as used in lexico-grammar. Second, although this paper takes the bold step of including idiomatic expressions within the category of words on the grounds that they function as substitutes for functional units not all idiomatic expressions qualify as words. Therefore, establishing clear criteria to distinguish between those that do and do not is a task left for future research.

단어, 체계기능언어학, 기능 단위, 어휘문법, 대인적 대기능, word, systemic functional linguistics, functional units, lexicogrammar, interpersonal metafunction

심지연 Jiyon Shim

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.127 Vol.71(No.0) 127-156, 2025

In this study, I investigate the nature and characteristics of Pyeong-eo, a Korean Equalizing Language register, through a comparative analysis with Ban-mal. Drawing on both existing literature and empirical data collected between January and June 2025 from university classrooms, workplace meetings, online communities, and social media platforms, the research identifies Pyeong-eo as a distinct communicative register that, while borrowing elements from Ban-mal, diverges in form and ideological orientation. Specifically, Pyeong-eo omits vocative markers such as “-a” (아) and avoids pronouns like “neo” (너) and “ya” (야), instead favoring direct name references. Based on this analysis, the study synthesizes previously fragmented concepts and proposes a refined definition of Pyeong-eo as a formalized linguistic practice that promotes reciprocity, respect, and equality. I argue that Pyeong-eo represents a shift away from traditional dichotomy of Ban-mal and Jondaet-mal, embodying a new language ideology and establishing itself as a novel register within contemporary Korean discourse.

Korean Equalizing Language, Pyeong-eo, Korean Informal Language, Ban-mal, Korean Formal Language, Jondaet-mal, Respect, Polite Ban-mal, Korean Honorifics, Language Ideology, Enregisterment, Reciprocity, Equality, Indexicality, Register, 평어, 반말, 존댓말, 상호 존중, 평등, 예의 바른 반말, 한국어 존대법, 언어 이데올로기, 상황 변이어, 지표성

전하늘 Jeon Ha-neul , 이봉원 Yi Bong-won

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.157 Vol.71(No.0) 157-184, 2025

This study aims to generate discourse tasks required in clinical speech-language pathology using generative AI (ChatGPT-4o) and to systematically analyze their linguistic characteristics. For this purpose, a total of 270 discourse texts were generated by manipulating variables such as discourse type (expository, narrative), prompt condition (basic, structured, example-based), and task difficulty level (low, medium, high). The microstructure (syntactic complexity and lexical diversity) of each generated text was then statistically analyzed. The results showed that the AI-generated discourse exhibited distinct linguistic characteristics depending on its type. Expository discourse scored significantly higher on syntactic complexity indicators, while narrative discourse showed significantly higher values on lexical diversity indicators. The sophistication of the prompts and the level of difficulty had a significant impact on the syntactic and lexical features of the generated discourse. A complex interaction effect between prompt conditions and difficulty levels was also observed, confirming that the optimal prompt strategy varies depending on the context of the task. This suggests that through structured prompt design and difficulty adjustment, generative AI can be utilized as an effective content-assistance tool for creating high-quality, customized intervention materials.

생성형 인공지능 설명, AI, 담화, 이야기 담화, 프롬프트 엔지니어링, 미시구조, Generative AI discourse, LLM, Prompt engineering, automated analysis, microstructure

류선숙 Ryu Seon-suk , 백은지 Baek Eun-ji , 이경 Lee Kyung

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.185 Vol.71(No.0) 185-215, 2025

This study aims to identify the direction of professionalism and competencies required of Korean language teachers by examining the historical development of teacher education since the 1980s. With the rapid growth of learners, teacher professionalism has emerged as a central issue, leading to the establishment of university-affiliated institutes in the 1980s, the institutionalization of qualifications through the Framework Act on the National Language in 2005, and the expansion of online-based training in the 2020s. The enactment of the 2005 legislation marked a turning point by legally consolidating the teacher’s status and systematizing fragmented programs into degree and non-degree curricula, thereby accelerating the expansion of training opportunities. However, in-service teacher retraining remains insufficient, and new challenges continue to arise, including competencies relevant to multicultural and global contexts as well as digital literacy. By tracing these developments, the study highlights the necessity of institutional improvements and strengthened professionalism as essential foundations for the sustainable growth of Korean language education.

한국어 교사, 교원 제도의 변천, 교원 양성, 교원 재교육, 한국어교육, Korean language teacher, teacher education system, teacher training, teacher retraining, Korean language education

여태천 Yeo Tae-chon

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.217 Vol.71(No.0) 217-245, 2025

This study supplements existing evaluations that confine the literary significance of Park Jae-sam’s poetry to the succession of Korean traditional lyricism, and instead explores death as the fundamental element sustaining his poetic world. In particular, it analyzes the issue of death on both empirical and trans-empirical levels, demonstrating that it functions as a central factor in shaping the emotions of sorrow and ‘han(恨)’. According to the analysis, death as an empirical event evokes fear, dread, and longing, and by sublimating the death of others into reflection through mourning, it reveals that a personal event can be connected to universal conditions of existence. Meanwhile, within the realm of trans-empirical death, the contrast between the finitude of life and the eternity of nature provides not a simple sense of nihilism but an opportunity for aesthetic and ontological contemplation. Park Jae-sam does not accept death as transcendent consolation; rather, he understands it as an incomprehensible indeterminacy and thus gives poetic form to the tragedy of absence. This study identifies the perception of death as a defining characteristic of Park Jae-sam’s poetic world.

박재삼, 죽음 인식, 경험적 사건으로서의 죽음, 초경험적 죽음, 부재의 비극성, Park Jae-sam, Perception of Death, Empirical Death, Transcendental Death, Tragedy of Absence

김정화 Kim Jung-hwa , 문한별 Moon Han-byoul

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.247 Vol.71(No.0) 247-274, 2025

This study This study investigates Japan’s colonial-era book recommendation policy and its reception in Korea, revealing how a policy framed as “recommendation” and “encouragement” operated as a mechanism of ideological control. While presented as a means of promoting wholesome reading, the policy in effect complemented strict censorship and regulated the publishing, distribution, and reception of books according to state-defined norms. It institutionalized reading discipline and shaped colonial subjects’ thought by managing access to desirable knowledge. The policy’s coercive function was concretized through the 1933 revision of the Library Ordinance and the publication ofMunheon Boguk(文獻保國), which transformed libraries into bases of ideological governance. Schools, libraries, bookstores, exhibitions, and book fairs became channels through which the discourse of “wholesome reading” was diffused into everyday life. Additionally, limiting related reports to Japanese-language newspapers and official bulletins ensured one-way transmission and concealed the political nature of the policy. As a result, the Korean publishing market and reading culture were subordinated to imperial norms. In conclusion, the book recommendation policy should be understood not as benign cultural guidance but as a complementary apparatus of censorship within a dual system of permission and repression. This study exposes the totalizing nature of Japanese ideological control and contributes to understanding the mechanisms of cultural domination under colonial rule.

건전, 건전한 독서, 도서추천 정책, 권장도서, 불온도서, Wholesomeness, Wholesome Reading, Book Recommendation Policy, Recommended Publications, Subversive Publications

김복희 Kim Bok-hui

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.275 Vol.71(No.0) 275-303, 2025

This study is intended for poetry writers as its primary audience and understands the aesthetics of poetic creation to lie not in the representation of the self but in the construction of the self. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how such a poetics of self-construction is applied in the actual process of writing poetry. For this purpose, a college creative writing class was selected as the research subject, and case analyses were carried out to examine whether the poetry writers experienced the process of self-construction during the course. The class was conducted as a poetry-writing course that began with the analysis of autobiographical poems by established poets to study their writing techniques, which students then applied to their own poetry. As a result, it was confirmed that poetry, traditionally understood as an expression of the self, can be reinterpreted as a process of constructing the self. In addition, the fluidity of the self was analyzed through the poetic device of the “Persona.” Ultimately, through this course, the writers came to understand that discovering one’s true inner self, achieving a better self, or expressing one’s emotions beautifully or strangely in refined language to seek empathy from others constitutes only a part, not the entirety, of poetic creation. Accordingly, this study aims to present an experimental theory that enables writers to perceive poetry as a genre of adventure and challenge in constructing unfamiliar selves, thereby allowing them to actively pioneer the modes of existence and destiny of poetry.

시, 창작자, 시 창작, 화자, 자아, 자아 구축, poetry, writer, poetry writing, persona, ego, self-construction

손화영 Shon Hwa-young

DOI:10.35821/jkc.2025.11.71.305 Vol.71(No.0) 305-336, 2025

This paper examines the concept of ‘sensory realism’ in Jeong Il-geun’s poetry, focusing on how it is shaped through tragic awareness and the poetics of namelessness. Centering on works such as Letters from Dasan Jeong Yak-yong in Exile, Spring Flounder, and Rain, the study analyzes how extreme experiences of pain, loss, and exile are transformed into tactile, auditory, and gustatory sensations, enabling the subject’s fragmented existence to connect with the pain of others. Notably, through namelessness, concrete place names fade away and space is expanded into a universal stage for shared suffering. Jeong Il-geun’s sensory poetics does not stop at descriptive realism but pursues ethical solidarity through sensory empathy, suggesting a new direction for realism in modern Korean poetry.

비극적 인식, 감각의 리얼리즘, 몰명성, 정일근, 「유배지에서 보내는 정약용의 편지」, 「봄 도다리」, 「비」, tragic perception, realism of sense, obscurity, Jeong Il-geun, 「Jeong Yak-yong’s letter from exile」, 「Spring dodari」, 「Rain」